Mudhafaria Minaret (Choli Minaret)
Erbil
A 36-metre brick minaret from the 12th–13th centuries standing in Erbil's Minare Park, a relic of the era of Muzaffar al-Din Gökböri.
About
The Mudhafaria Minaret stands 36 metres tall with an octagonal base and a cylindrical brick shaft, built between 1190 and 1232 CE under Muzaffar al-Din Gökböri, prince of Erbil and brother-in-law of Saladin. It is believed to be the sole surviving remnant of a since-destroyed Ayyubid-era mosque. Its local name, Choli, comes from the Kurdish word for desolate — from the days when it stood in open land outside the city.